# Manga Guide To Electricity  ## Metadata - Author: [[readwise.io]] - Full Title: Manga Guide To Electricity - Category: #articles - URL: https://readwise.io/reader/document_raw_content/61362321 ## Highlights - Voltage, the potential difference or “pressure” that makes electricity flow, is represented by the symbol V ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0q41psfxs2015r2ps21cb8a)) - The voltage used in an ordinary household appliance is 120V in the United States, 240V in Europe, and 100V in Japan. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0q44jf24hp8kjt9tzf70nnh)) - Current is the quantity of electricity flowing per second through an electric line ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0q426e88d72hcdvjmpy7vfc)) - Power, which is the electric energy consumed in one second when current flows, is represented using the symbol P. Power is measured in watts (W), which are named for the British mechanical engineer James Watt, who invented the steam engine. One watt is equal to one joule per second. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0q43a7c100q6qhgqjcw0fxh)) - the average electrical utility charge for 1kWh in the United States is approximately 12 cents for 1kWh ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rt8bvvzqdyd4e2gasv6zrb)) - Electricity flows from a high potential to a low potential. The potential difference between two points is called voltage. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rt9cj5569hpavtjqgzkd8d)) - Since the attraction from the nucleus is weaker for electrons in the outermost shells than ones in the innermost shells, electrons in those outermost shells may escape from orbit if exter- nal energy such as heat or light is applied. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv39ymksgsxey52ts41fbk)) - The smallest quantity of electricity that exists in the natural world is a single electron. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv3s0pk9rjmkfcarebz80p)) - there are many free electrons, and if a voltage is applied to this substance, the free electrons all flow in one direction. This is how electricity flows through an electric line. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv4fvbg9ndem3bp4f7cr0f)) - The outermost electron shell of an atom is called the valence shell, and the electrons that are in it are called valence electrons. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv59vbrkwnt59ckscq755x)) - flow of electricity depends on the number of valence electrons. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv6b7wqvm55453x93j3nfm)) - Material through which electricity easily flows has lots of freE electrons. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv6sm0kjajfkecp4w4j544)) - When two different substances are rubbed together, atoms collide, and electrons that are easily separated from the atoms of one substance may escape and move to the atoms of the other substance. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv8semzr9zc4mtx0yp98ed)) - Since static electricity is generated by friction, it is also called frictional electricity. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rv8baf09ecghm82fnzpsg6)) - Charge is measured in coulombs ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rvd2hyq67hyw4m5gecwnzj)) - A force called electrostatic force (also known as Coulomb’s force) operates between two charges. This force causes the same types of charge to repel each other and differ- ent types of charge to attract each other. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rvehz6ggkney26bfe6vxyg)) - Also, if the negatively charged vinyl sheet is brought close to hair that has not been charged, the hair will become positively charged and will cling to the vinyl. This phenom- enon, in which something that is not charged becomes charged when it is in close proximity to something else that is charged, is called electrostatic induction. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0rvg1e0m4mwrchhb7bsha19)) - The farther apart the materials are in the triboelectric series, the more static electric- ity is generated between them, and the closer together the objects are in the triboelectric series, the less static electricity is generated. In other words, you can reduce the occurrence of static electricity by wearing clothes that are made of materials that are close together in the triboelectric series. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0sn4etq57bjngkcm0s8e9g5)) - A battery has the ability to make electrical current flow, so it is called the power supply ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0t49dn10tdnfx49xww161)) - A basic electric circuit consists of three elements: power supply voltage, current, and electric resistance. These elements are connected by electric wires. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0vjjycjt5sanm4thdtgz7)) - The power supply voltage that does the work of making current flow is called the electromotive force. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0wgysa706qghs07f6q5b9)) - The element that converts electric energy to light or heat when cur- rent flows is called the load (loads can also convert electrical energy into other things like sound or motion). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0ww24efzwv3es8pp3w98x)) - load has a property that hinders the flow of current, and this is called electric resistance or simply resistance. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0x51zqzt5d4ceqfz98py8)) - Appliances that use electric resistance include electric heaters and toasters. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w0yfgne86j6zcpn6j156nm)) - When the direction of the flow of current and the size of the current are fixed, we call the electricity direct current (DC). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w4dbe3k2hb721dhtbt5mga)) - The number of waves repeated in one second is called the frequency, which is represented by f and measured in hertz (Hz) ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w4f2hem0p627wcf3kc0hfa)) - Resistance (R) is a measure indicating the difficulty of the flow of current ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01j0w4pfentpexf5sgxn2fedxj))